War of independence
Background:

• British paramounting i.e. the belief in British dominance in Indian political, economic and cultural life, had been introduced in India about 1820.
• To control the Indian states, British increasingly used a variety of tactics.
• Everywhere, the old Indian Aristocracy was replaced by British officials.
• Lord Dallhouse devised the doctrine of Lapse in the late 1840, which involved the British prohibiting a Hindu-ruler without a natural heir from adopting a successor, and after the ruler died or abdicated, annexing his hand.
• This lead growing discontent of the Brahmas, many of whom had been dispossessed of their revenues or had lost lucrative positions.
• Westernization increased in the Hindu-society.
• Humanitarian movement led to reforms. Lord
• Dallhouse during his tenure(1848-1856) made efforts toward emanicipating women and had introduced a bill to remove all legal obstacles to remarriage of Hindu-widows.
• Converts to Christianity were to share with their Hindu relatives in the property of the family estate.
• British aimed at breaking down the caste system. The introduction of western methods of education were a direct challenge to orthodoxy, both Hindu and Muslim.
• Enfield Rifle:
  In 1856. The Government of India introduced the Enfield rifle in the army and the agreements for its training were made at DUMDUM Ambala and Sialkot Lord Macauly education policy in sub-continent.
  Introduction:
  War of independence is an important landmark in the history of Sub-continent. This war was fought in 1857 by Indians against the British in order to get rid of their dominion.
  Another names:
  War of Independence is also given names as
• Indian Rebellion
• Indian Mutiny
• Indian Revolt
• Uprising of 1857
• Great Rebellion
• Sepoy Mutiny(by British)
  bolded text
  Starting:
• It started from Meerut on 10th May, 1857.
• On the issue of Cartridges made up of fat or pigs which needed to take into mouth before operating it. Mangala Panday a native soldier of the 13th native infantry fired at his British officers (2). As a result, he was caught and hanged on April 8, 1857. The soldier refused to use this weaponry and revolted against the British Crown.

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